Presents the text of the author's speech delivered at the Zakir Husain Memorial Lecture. Major topics covered are the three channels of education in India (formal, informal and incidental); a historical perspective; challenges for and modernization of nonformal education; work and development: the core of nonformal education; extending coverage…

The author draws upon her field observations in China during 1976 to describe how the People's Republic is trying to provide a broader base for popular participation in development. Discusses the changing nature of schooling, the importance placed on learning, and specific examples of changes in education. (CT)

Discusses the need for nonformal education curriculum development for illiterate Indians in the 15-25 age group. Certain characteristics of this group are noted and curriculum development is discussed in terms of definition, components, objectives, content, methods, and evaluation. (SH)

A tribal adult education role by colleges in the vicinity of tribal areas in India is needed to organize continuing education programs for tribal peoples with their different cultures. Tribal cultures, past and present tribal development efforts, educational needs, and elements of program planning are described. (MF)