This article presents the conclusion made by the consensus group regarding infantile spasms. The consensus group concluded that "infantile spasms are a major form of severe epileptic encephalopathy of early childhood that results in neurodevelopmental regression and imposes a significant health burden." The entire group agrees that the best evidence and information currently available suggested that early recognition and prompt treatment is mandatory and may in fact, lead to improved outcomes. This is particularly true in those with cryptogenic IS. Further studies with prednisolone and other agents are absolutely recommended and needed. There is urgent need for further research. Because this is a rare condition, it is difficult to do large scale studies with different treatments. Studying infantile spasms is also complicated by the various causes and the possibility that one etiology might be more responsive than another to a particular therapy. This seems to be the case for infantile spasms associated with tuberous sclerosis being sensitive to vigabatrin. Medical, social, psychological and family support services are definitely an integral part of the treatment of children or families with infantile spasms. (Contains 1 table.)