To date, small sample problems with latent growth models (LGMs) have not received the amount of attention in the literature as related mixed-effect models (MEMs). Although many models can be interchangeably framed as a LGM or a MEM, LGMs uniquely provide criteria to assess global data-model fit. However, previous studies have demonstrated poor…

A concise method for computing areas under the normal curve using only functions typically found on desk and hand calculators is given. One version of this method will give three-decimal-pace accuracy, and a second, simpler version gives accuracy to two places. (Author/JKS)

An Angoff method and a frequency estimation equipercentile equating method were compared, using data from three forms of a 200-item multiple-choice certification test. Data requirements are fewer and computational requirements less burdensome for the former than for the latter method. However, results of the two methods are not interchangeable.…