Many students persistently misinterpret histograms. This calls for closer inspection of students' strategies when interpreting histograms and case-value plots (which look similar but are different). Using students' gaze data, we ask: "How and how well do upper secondary pre-university school students estimate and compare arithmetic means of…

The present study focuses on the accumulation process involved in the integration of a single-variable function. Observing the work of two high-school calculus students who had not yet learned any other integral-related ideas, we analyze the emergence of the semiotic relationship between personal and mathematical meanings, as expressed through the…

The students in a low-ability first-year classroom of a secondary school use a questionnaire and punched cards to collect and organize data about their classmates. The first five minutes and the first four minutes after the first quarter of an hour of the resulting class discussion are included. (MN)