ERIC Number: EJ1460458
Record Type: Journal
Publication Date: 2025-Mar
Pages: 12
Abstractor: As Provided
ISBN: N/A
ISSN: ISSN-0731-1745
EISSN: EISSN-1745-3992
Available Date: 2024-11-25
Growth across Grades and Common Item Grade Alignment in Vertical Scaling Using the Rasch Model
Sanford R. Student1; Derek C. Briggs2; Laurie Davis3
Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, v44 n1 p84-95 2025
Vertical scales are frequently developed using common item nonequivalent group linking. In this design, one can use upper-grade, lower-grade, or mixed-grade common items to estimate the linking constants that underlie the absolute measurement of growth. Using the Rasch model and a dataset from Curriculum Associates' i-Ready Diagnostic in math in grades 3-7, we demonstrate how grade-to-grade mean differences in mathematics proficiency appear much larger when upper-grade linking items are used instead of lower-grade items, with linkings based on a mixture of items falling in between. We then consider salient properties of the three calibrated scales including invariance of the different sets of common items to student grade and item difficulty reversals. These exploratory analyses suggest that upper-grade common items in vertical scaling are more subject to threats to score comparability across grades, even though these items also tend to imply the most growth.
Descriptors: Elementary School Mathematics, Elementary School Students, Middle School Mathematics, Middle School Students, Growth Models, Achievement Gains, Scaling, Rating Scales, Error of Measurement, Mathematics Achievement, Test Reliability, Test Validity, Grade Level Differences
Wiley. Available from: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030. Tel: 800-835-6770; e-mail: cs-journals@wiley.com; Web site: https://www-wiley-com.bibliotheek.ehb.be/en-us
Publication Type: Journal Articles; Reports - Research
Education Level: Elementary Education; Junior High Schools; Middle Schools; Secondary Education
Audience: N/A
Language: English
Sponsor: N/A
Authoring Institution: N/A
Grant or Contract Numbers: N/A
Author Affiliations: 1School of Education, University of Delaware; 2University of Colorado Boulder; 3Curriculum Associates, Inc.