This study examined the developmental process of children's computational thinking using block-based programming tools, specifically algorithmic thinking and debugging skills. With this aim, a group of children (N = 191) from two primary schools were studied for two years beginning from the fourth grade, as they engaged in our block-based…

In the digital age, computational thinking (CT)-based problem-solving skills have emerged as essential competencies. Particularly, students with intellectual disabilities need equal educational opportunities and high-quality informatics education to cultivate CT-based problem-solving skills. However, research on the enhancement of CT-based…

The electricity-related topics in the secondary school science curriculum are near-universal standards across countries. We prepared a three-stage robotic STEM program incorporating coding, robotic integrated science (in the topic of electricity), STEM engineering processes, and their educational structures. We investigated the impact of the…

This study developed a school-based AI curriculum suitable for senior high school students, with the primary objective of enhancing their mastery of knowledge and proficiency in AI, as well as their computational thinking abilities. The curriculum was designed with an awareness of the practical challenges encountered by the subject school in their…