Through design and development research (DDR), we aimed to create a validated automatic question generation (AQG) system using large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT, enhanced by prompting engineering techniques. While AQG has become increasingly integral to online learning for its efficiency in generating questions, issues such as inconsistent…

This study investigates the relative effectiveness of online dynamic assessment (DA) compared to the teacher's explicit feedback in the acquisition of requests in an online learning environment. Thirty-four intermediate-level English as a foreign language (EFL) learners were randomly assigned to three groups: expert peer DA (PDA), teacher DA…

Technology-enhanced collaborative writing (TECW) for second language development is receiving increasing research attention from educators and teachers. However, there have been few review studies investigating how teachers implement this activity, how they use technology for the implementation, and what challenges they have. To better prepare…

ChatGPT, the newest pre-trained large language model, has recently attracted unprecedented worldwide attention. Its exceptional performance in understanding human language and completing a variety of tasks in a conversational way has led to heated discussions about its implications for and use in education. This exploratory study represents one of…

Second language (L2) writing plays an important role in improving the learners' language skills of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) in terms of language expression and linguistic thinking. Therefore, improving writing skills is still a focus area for EFL learners. To enhance EFL learners' writing ability and optimize their writing quality, an…

Metaverse technology is becoming increasingly popular in educational environments around the world. However, before it is widely applied in public education for adolescents learning English as a foreign language (EFL), it is crucial to assess its effectiveness in comparison to traditional teaching approaches. Our study involved 336 seventh-grade…

Since recognition technology has been widely used to support learners' language learning, it is necessary to have a framework that can support the implementation of anything-to-text recognition technology, such as speech-to-text recognition, image-to-text recognition, body movement-to-text recognition, emotion-to-text recognition, and…

The aim of this study is to examine adaptation elements and Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) elements used in Adaptive Intelligent Tutoring Systems (AITSs), using meta-synthesis methods to analyze the results of previous research. Toward this end, articles appearing in the Web of Science, Google Scholar, Eric and Science Direct databases in 2000…

Grounded in the activity theory, we adopted a sequential explanatory mixed-methods approach to explore the impact of automated written corrective feedback (AWCF) on English as a foreign language (EFL) learners' academic writing skills (i.e. task achievement, coherence and cohesion, lexicon, and grammatical range and accuracy). To this end, two…

With the rapid development of Artificial Intelligence, automatic writing evaluation (AWE) has received much attention from English Foreign Language (EFL) writing teachers. However, the obstacles and potential problems of integrating AWE in EFL writing instruction have yet to be explored. Scholars have indicated that the effectiveness of AWE in EFL…

Undergraduate students fail to objectively self-assess grammar skills of English as a second language but mastering English grammar autonomously can assist. The article aims to describe and assess the Moodle plugin that offers undergraduate students individual learning paths in studying English grammar. An experiment with 3953 students was…

This study aimed to investigate medical students' evaluation of using Telegram as a Social Networking Site (SNS) in English for Specific Academic Purposes (ESAP) programs. To this end, the students' explanatory responses about the merits and demerits of the SNS as well as their suggestions for improving its educational usability were collected.…

The purpose of this study was three-fold: first, it aimed to develop a scale to shed light on English as Foreign Language (EFL) teachers' perceptions of using Mobile Social Network Sites (MSNSs) in language teaching and learning. To this end, a 36-item MSNSs Utility Perceptions Inventory (MUPI) was developed. Second, the current study made an…

The traditional lecture-oriented teaching is still the norm in English as a foreign language education courses, but an innovative teaching model, expedited by recent advances in technology, becomes often popular across non-English-speaking subjects. The new model flips the usual classroom paradigm, in which students learn primary concepts outside…

Although the flipped class has been hotly discussed, the clicker-aided flipped EFL class (CFEC) still remains a mystery for most scholars. This study aims to determine the correlations between the initial EFL proficiency and other variables of the clicker-aided EFL flipped class. The sample was made up of randomly selected 79 participants (Female…