Teacher learning in asynchronous online professional development (PD) is often measured by self-reported instruments, despite uncertainties regarding teachers' accuracy in their self-assessment of learning. This study explored whether teachers' self-reported "gains" in content knowledge for teaching aligned with those measured by direct…

This study addresses the necessity of comprehending the remote learning environment for improving online course design and delivery. The primary objective is to investigate the impact of teaching, cognitive, and social presence, along with learner motivation from the Community of Inquiry framework, on students' learning satisfaction in both…

This study aims to examine how external locus of control (eLoC) impacts students' academic procrastination behaviors in asynchronous distance education with regard to compulsive internet habits, cyberloafing, disrespect for copyright, learning goal orientation, and self-efficacy. The sample comprised a total of 916 undergraduate students.…