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Direct linkSixuan Xiang; Jenny Wanyi Li; Weipeng Yang – Education and Information Technologies, 2025
This study aims to develop and validate an age-appropriate, easily manipulated, and robot-based assessment named Computational Thinking Observational Scale (CTOS) for 3- to 5-year-olds. The study sample included 46 preschoolers (M[subscript age] = 3.57 years, SD = 0.36). Expert judgment confirmed excellent content validity, yielding a Scale-level…
Descriptors: Test Construction, Robotics, Computation, Thinking Skills
