Commenting, liking and reacting on the Internet have become ubiquitous. In almost every online interaction, people have the opportunity to show their approval of comments. It has also become common to express several other feelings such as anger, love, and compassion through emojis. Previous research suggests that "online spaces represent a…

Critical thinking (CT) is an essential skill in today's ever-changing society. Yet, the influences of instructional strategy, a crucial factor of educational outcomes, on the development of CT remains unclear. We proposed that the instructional strategy played a significant role in fostering CT and aimed to explore the complex neural mechanisms…