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Sixuan Xiang; Jenny Wanyi Li; Weipeng Yang – Education and Information Technologies, 2025
This study aims to develop and validate an age-appropriate, easily manipulated, and robot-based assessment named Computational Thinking Observational Scale (CTOS) for 3- to 5-year-olds. The study sample included 46 preschoolers (M[subscript age] = 3.57 years, SD = 0.36). Expert judgment confirmed excellent content validity, yielding a Scale-level…
Descriptors: Test Construction, Robotics, Computation, Thinking Skills
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Lan Hong – Education and Information Technologies, 2024
Educational robots have unrivaled advantages and value in developing students' computational thinking. Currently, there are fewer studies on the overall effects of educational robots on K12 students' computational thinking, especially at the instructional style and cross-grade level. In order to investigate the overall effect of educational robots…
Descriptors: Robotics, Computation, Thinking Skills, Elementary Secondary Education