Higher education is beginning to focus on how to effectively cultivate IoT engineers who possess both hard skills and soft skills. Therefore, from the perspective of activity theory and combining it with project-based learning, this study constructed a project-based learning framework based on activity theory and applied this framework to an IoT…

As Project-Based Learning (PjBL) becomes a cornerstone of modern education, effective support and analysis tools are crucial for enhancing collaborative learning experiences and achieving educational goals. However, challenges such as managing overload related to the rigor and demands of project-based activities (e.g., meetings, writing reports,…