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Download full textKane, Michael T. – ETS Research Report Series, 2017
By aggregating residual gain scores (the differences between each student's current score and a predicted score based on prior performance) for a school or a teacher, value-added models (VAMs) can be used to generate estimates of school or teacher effects. It is known that random errors in the prior scores will introduce bias into predictions of…
Descriptors: Error of Measurement, Value Added Models, Scores, Teacher Effectiveness
