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Download full textvan Rijn, Peter; Graf, Edith Aurora; Arieli-Attali, Meirav; Song, Yi – ETS Research Report Series, 2018
In this study, we explored the extent to which teachers agree on the ordering and separation of levels of two different learning progressions (LPs) in English language arts (ELA) and mathematics. In a panel meeting akin to a standard-setting procedure, we asked teachers to link the items and responses of summative educational assessments to LP…
Descriptors: Teacher Attitudes, Student Evaluation, Summative Evaluation, Language Arts
Shute, Valerie J. – ETS Research Report Series, 2007
This paper reviews the corpus of research on feedback, with a particular focus on formative feedback--defined as information communicated to the learner that is intended to modify the learner's thinking or behavior for the purpose of improving learning. According to researchers in the area, formative feedback should be multidimensional,…
Descriptors: Formative Evaluation, Feedback (Response), Learning Processes, Instructional Effectiveness
