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Guo, Hongwen; Rios, Joseph A.; Ling, Guangming; Wang, Zhen; Gu, Lin; Yang, Zhitong; Liu, Lydia O. – ETS Research Report Series, 2022
Different variants of the selected-response (SR) item type have been developed for various reasons (i.e., simulating realistic situations, examining critical-thinking and/or problem-solving skills). Generally, the variants of SR item format are more complex than the traditional multiple-choice (MC) items, which may be more challenging to test…
Descriptors: Test Format, Test Wiseness, Test Items, Item Response Theory
Kevelson, Marisol J. C. – ETS Research Report Series, 2019
This study presents estimates of Black-White, Hispanic-White, and income achievement gaps using data from two different types of reading and mathematics assessments: constructed-response assessments that were likely more cognitively demanding and state achievement tests that were likely less cognitively demanding (i.e., composed solely or largely…
Descriptors: Racial Differences, Achievement Gap, White Students, African American Students
Kim, Sooyeon; Moses, Tim – ETS Research Report Series, 2014
The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential impact of misrouting under a 2-stage multistage test (MST) design, which includes 1 routing and 3 second-stage modules. Simulations were used to create a situation in which a large group of examinees took each of the 3 possible MST paths (high, middle, and low). We compared differences in…
Descriptors: Comparative Analysis, Difficulty Level, Scores, Test Wiseness
Chen, Jing; Sheehan, Kathleen M. – ETS Research Report Series, 2015
The "TOEFL"® family of assessments includes the "TOEFL"® Primary"™, "TOEFL Junior"®, and "TOEFL iBT"® tests. The linguistic complexity of stimulus passages in the reading sections of the TOEFL family of assessments is expected to differ across the test levels. This study evaluates the linguistic…
Descriptors: Language Tests, Second Language Learning, English (Second Language), Reading Comprehension
Kim, Sooyeon; Walker, Michael E.; McHale, Frederick – ETS Research Report Series, 2008
This study examined variations of a nonequivalent groups equating design used with constructed-response (CR) tests to determine which design was most effective in producing equivalent scores across the two tests to be equated. Using data from a large-scale exam, the study investigated the use of anchor CR item rescoring in the context of classical…
Descriptors: Equated Scores, Comparative Analysis, Test Format, Responses
Liao, Chi-Wen; Livingston, Samuel A. – ETS Research Report Series, 2008
Randomly equivalent forms (REF) of tests in listening and reading for nonnative speakers of English were created by stratified random assignment of items to forms, stratifying on item content and predicted difficulty. The study included 50 replications of the procedure for each test. Each replication generated 2 REFs. The equivalence of those 2…
Descriptors: Equated Scores, Item Analysis, Test Items, Difficulty Level