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Guo, Hongwen – ETS Research Report Series, 2017
Data collected from online learning and tutoring systems for individual students showed strong autocorrelation or dependence because of content connection, knowledge-based dependency, or persistence of learning behavior. When the response data show little dependence or negative autocorrelations for individual students, it is suspected that…
Descriptors: Data Collection, Electronic Learning, Intelligent Tutoring Systems, Information Utilization
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von Davier, Alina A.; Chen, Haiwen – ETS Research Report Series, 2013
In the framework of the observed-score equating methods for the nonequivalent groups with anchor test design, there are 3 fundamentally different ways of using the information provided by the anchor scores to equate the scores of a new form to those of an old form. One method uses the anchor scores as a conditioning variable, such as the Tucker…
Descriptors: Equated Scores, Item Response Theory, True Scores, Methods
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Oranje, Andreas; Freund, David; Lin, Mei-jang; Tang, Yuxin – ETS Research Report Series, 2007
In this paper, a data perturbation method for minimizing the possibility of disclosure of participants' identities on a survey is described in the context of the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). The method distinguishes itself from most approaches because of the presence of cognitive tasks. Hence, a data edit should have minimal…
Descriptors: Student Surveys, Risk, National Competency Tests, Data Analysis