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Direct linkSchmidt, Henning; Daseking, Monika; Gawrilow, Caterina; Karbach, Julia; Kerner auch Koerner, Julia – Developmental Science, 2022
The concepts of executive function (EF) and effortful control (EC) are strikingly similar. EF originate from neurocognitive research and are described as an accumulation of cognitive processes that serve the goal-oriented self-regulation (SR) of an individual. EC originates from temperament research and is defined as the efficiency of executive…
Descriptors: Self Control, Preschool Children, Executive Function, Correlation
Hendry, Alexandra; Greenhalgh, Isobel; Bailey, Rhiannon; Fiske, Abigail; Dvergsdal, Henrik; Holmboe, Karla – Developmental Science, 2022
Inhibitory control (IC) is a core executive function integral to self-regulation and cognitive control, yet is itself multi-componential. Directed global inhibition entails stopping an action on demand. Competitive inhibition is engaged when an alternative response must also be produced. Related, but not an executive function, is…
Descriptors: Infants, Toddlers, Inhibition, Self Control
Josué Rico-Picó; M. del Carmen Garcia-de-Soria Bazan; Ángela Conejero; Sebastián Moyano; Ángela Hoyo; María de los Ángeles Ballesteros-Duperón; Karla Holmboe; M. Rosario Rueda – Developmental Science, 2025
Executive control (EC) emerges in the first year of life, with the ability to inhibit prepotent responses (inhibitory control [IC]) and to flexibly readapt (cognitive flexibility [CF]) steadily improving. Simultaneously, electrophysiological brain activity undergoes profound reconfiguration, which has been linked to individual variability in EC.…
Descriptors: Infants, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Brain, Executive Function
Hofstee, Marissa; Huijding, Jorg; Cuevas, Kimberly; Dekovic, Maja – Developmental Science, 2022
Integrating behavioral and neurophysiological measures has created new and advanced ways to understand the development of self-regulation. Electroencephalography (EEG) has been used to examine how self-regulatory processes are related to frontal alpha power during infancy and early childhood. However, findings across previous studies have been…
Descriptors: Infants, Young Children, Self Control, Medicine
Chen Li; Emma R. Hart; Robert J. Duncan; Tyler W. Watts – Developmental Science, 2023
During childhood, the ability to limit problem behaviors (i.e., externalizing) and the capacity for cognitive regulation (i.e., executive function) are often understood to develop in tandem, and together constitute two major components of self-regulation research. The current study examines bi-directional relations between behavioral problems and…
Descriptors: Behavior Problems, Child Behavior, Self Control, Executive Function
Koepp, Andrew E.; Gershoff, Elizabeth T.; Castelli, Darla M.; Bryan, Amy E. – Developmental Science, 2022
Children's abilities to regulate their behaviors are critical for learning and development, yet researchers lack an objective, precise method for assessing children's behavioral regulation in their everyday environments such as their classrooms. This study tested a sensor-based approach to assess preschool children's behavioral regulation…
Descriptors: Student Behavior, Self Control, Preschool Children, Measures (Individuals)
Yanaoka, Kaichi; van't Wout, Félice; Saito, Satoru; Jarrold, Christopher – Developmental Science, 2022
Children engage cognitive control reactively when they encounter conflicts; however, they can also resolve conflicts proactively. Recent studies have begun to clarify the mechanisms that support the use of proactive control in children; nonetheless, sufficient knowledge has not been accumulated regarding these mechanisms. Using behavioral and…
Descriptors: Self Control, Child Behavior, Young Children, Training
Zeytinoglu, Selin; Calkins, Susan D.; Leerkes, Esther M. – Developmental Science, 2022
This study examined autonomic profiles in preschoolers (N = 278, age = 4.7 years) and their relations to self-regulation outcomes concurrently and one year later, in kindergarten. Children's sympathetic (preejection period [PEP]) and parasympathetic activity (respiratory sinus arrythmia [RSA]) were measured at rest and during cognitive and…
Descriptors: Profiles, Preschool Children, Self Control, Kindergarten
McKay, Courtney; Wijeakumar, Sobanawartiny; Rafetseder, Eva; Shing, Yee Lee – Developmental Science, 2022
Children show marked improvements in executive functioning (EF) between 4 and 7 years of age. In many societies, this time period coincides with the start of formal school education, in which children are required to follow rules in a structured environment, drawing heavily on EF processes such as inhibitory control. This study aimed to…
Descriptors: Inhibition, Self Control, Kindergarten, Young Children
Hosch, Alexis; Oleson, Jacob J.; Harris, Jordan L.; Goeltz, Mary Taylor; Neumann, Tabea; LeBeau, Brandon; Hazeltine, Eliot; Petersen, Isaac T. – Developmental Science, 2022
Self-regulation is thought to show heterotypic continuity--its individual differences endure but its behavioral manifestations change across development. Thus, different measures across time may be necessary to account for heterotypic continuity of self-regulation. This longitudinal study examined children's (N = 108) self-regulation development…
Descriptors: Child Development, Child Behavior, Longitudinal Studies, Inhibition
Pener-Tessler, Roni; Markovitch, Noam; Knafo-Noam, Ariel – Developmental Science, 2022
Despite the importance of self-control for well-being and adjustment, its development from early childhood to early adolescence has been relatively understudied. We addressed the development of mother-reported self-control in what is likely the largest and longest longitudinal twin study of the topic to this day (N = 1889 individual children with…
Descriptors: Self Control, Child Development, Longitudinal Studies, Children
Stucke, Nicole J.; Stoet, Gijsbert; Doebel, Sabine – Developmental Science, 2022
Young children spend a lot of time at home, yet there is little empirical research on how they spend that time and how it relates to developmental outcomes. Prior research suggests less-structured time--where children practice making choices and setting goals--may develop "self-directed" executive function in 6-year-olds. But…
Descriptors: Young Children, Family Environment, Cues, Executive Function
Haimovitz, Kyla; Dweck, Carol S.; Walton, Gregory M. – Developmental Science, 2020
Children's tendency to delay gratification predicts important life outcomes, yet little is known about how to enhance delay of gratification other than by teaching task-specific strategies. The present research investigated the effect of exposing children to a model who experiences the exertion of willpower as energizing. In two experiments, 86 4-…
Descriptors: Preschool Children, Delay of Gratification, Models, Self Control
Dutra, Natália B.; Chen, Lydia; Anum, Adote; Burger, Oskar; Davis, Helen E.; Dzokoto, Vivian A.; Fong, Frankie T. K.; Ghelardi, Sabrina; Mendez, Kimberly; Messer, Emily J. E.; Newhouse, Morgan; Nielsen, Mark G.; Ramos, Karlos; Rawlings, Bruce; dos Santos, Renan A. C.; Silveira, Lara G. S.; Tucker-Drob, Elliot M.; Legare, Cristine H. – Developmental Science, 2022
Self-regulation is a widely studied construct, generally assumed to be cognitively supported by executive functions (EFs). There is a lack of clarity and consensus over the roles of specific components of EFs in self-regulation. The current study examines the relations between performance on (a) a self-regulation task (Heads, Toes, Knees Shoulders…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Self Control, Short Term Memory, Visual Perception
Nin, Verónica; Delgado, Hernán; Muniz-Terrera, Graciela; Carboni, Alejandra – Developmental Science, 2022
Executive functions (EF), either conceptualized as skills involved in regulation of cognition and emotion in service of goal-oriented behavior, or reductively as working memory, flexibility and inhibitory control, are commonly invoked constructs in developmental science. Two main traditions on EFs measurement prevail, one consisting of ratings…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Cognitive Measurement, Behavior Rating Scales, Preschool Children
