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Covariation of Intraindividual Variability in Cognitive Speed and Cognitive Performance across Young, Middle, and Older Adulthood
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Bielak, Allison A. M.; Anstey, Kaarin J. – Developmental Psychology, 2019
Intraindividual variability (IIV) in cognitive speed, or moment-to-moment changes in ability, is a developmental phenomenon indicative of neurological integrity that increases gradually across adulthood. Past research has shown that IIV negatively covaries with cognitive performance, in which higher IIV at one occasion is associated with poorer…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Individual Differences, Cognitive Ability, Adult Development
Verbal Knowledge, Working Memory, and Processing Speed as Predictors of Verbal Learning in Older Adults
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Rast, Philippe – Developmental Psychology, 2011
The present study aimed at modeling individual differences in a verbal learning task by means of a latent structured growth curve approach based on an exponential function that yielded 3 parameters: initial recall, learning rate, and asymptotic performance. Three cognitive variables--speed of information processing, verbal knowledge, working…
Descriptors: Verbal Learning, Predictor Variables, Individual Differences, Short Term Memory
The Principles of Conventionality and Contrast in Word Learning: An Empirical Examination
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Diesendruck, Gil – Developmental Psychology, 2005
In Study 1, 4-year-olds avoided 2 names for an object when exposed to a common or a proper noun in a puppet's presence or to a common noun in a puppet's absence, but not when exposed to a proper noun in a puppet's absence. In Study 2, 3-year-olds avoided 2 names for an object when the requester for the referent of a second label in a different…
Descriptors: Puppetry, Nouns, Monolingualism, Bilingualism
Release From Proactive Interference with Young Children
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Cann, Linda F.; And Others – Developmental Psychology, 1973
This demonstration of release from proactive interference with young children confirms the suggestion that the technique is appropriate for the study of developmental changes in the encoding of information. (Authors/CB)
Descriptors: Black Students, Cognitive Processes, Elementary School Students, Interference (Language)
Memory Organization During Children's Repeated Recall
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Paris, Scott G. – Developmental Psychology, 1978
Presents a study of age differences in memory organization during repeated recall tasks. Second and sixth grade children served as subjects. (BD)
Descriptors: Advance Organizers, Age Differences, Cognitive Processes, Elementary School Students
Sociocultural Influences on the Development of Verbal Mediation: Private Speech and Phonological Recoding in Saudi Arabian and British Samples
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Al-Namlah, Abdulrahman S.; Fernyhough, Charles; Meins, Elizabeth – Developmental Psychology, 2006
Cross-national stability in private speech (PS) and short-term memory was investigated in Saudi Arabian (n=63) and British (n=58) 4- to 8-year-olds. Assumed differences in child-adult interaction between the 2 nationality groups led to predictions of Gender ? Nationality interactions in the development of verbal mediation. British boys used more…
Descriptors: Sociocultural Patterns, Gender Differences, Cognitive Processes, Foreign Countries
Input to Verb Learning: Evidence for the Plausibility of Syntactic Bootstrapping.
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Naigles, Letitia R.; Hoff-Ginsberg, Erika – Developmental Psychology, 1995
Examined the extent to which maternal linguistic input enabled children to use syntactic bootstrapping. Studied uses of 25 common verbs in speech of 57 mothers to their 1-year olds and 2-year olds. Found that verbs can be used to create informative syntactic frames, syntactic frames can cue appropriate verb class, and multiple syntactic framing…
Descriptors: Aural Learning, Cognitive Development, Cognitive Processes, Cognitive Structures
Toddlers' Language Development: Sex Differences within Social Risk.
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Morisset, Colleen E.; And Others – Developmental Psychology, 1995
Used observations and home visits to examine sex differences in language ability of 54 disadvantaged children at risk for poor language outcomes. Found that language difficulties increased over time, boys were at a constant disadvantage to girls in language development, and sex difference in language ability appeared even when families had similar…
Descriptors: Adults, At Risk Persons, Cognitive Development, Cognitive Processes