In a series of 3 experiments, the authors investigated the influence of symmetry of variables on children's and adults' data interpretation. They hypothesized that symmetrical (i.e., present/present) variables would support correct interpretations more than asymmetrical (i.e., present/absent) variables. Participants were asked to judge covariation…

Children will increasingly come of age with personified robots and potentially form social and even moral relationships with them. What will such relationships look like? To address this question, 90 children (9-, 12-, and 15-year-olds) initially interacted with a humanoid robot, Robovie, in 15-min sessions. Each session ended when an experimenter…

Zimmerman, Christakis, and Meltzoff (2007) reported that exposure to Baby Einstein videos was negatively associated with language development. The current study uses the Zimmerman et al. (2007) data set to replicate and extend the original analyses. Caregivers of 392 children aged 6 to 16 months and 358 children aged 17 to 27 months reported on…

Four experiments familiarized 6-, 9-, 12-, and 16-month-old infants to a solid block that was repeatedly lowered into a semitransparent container. In test trials the end state, containment, was either compatible or incompatible with the objects' size and position. In Experiment 1, infants saw the block and box successively before they observed the…

Children's early approaches to learning (ATL) enhance their adaptation to the demands they experience with the start of formal schooling. The current study uses individual growth modeling to investigate whether children's early ATL, which includes persistence, emotion regulation, and attentiveness, explain individual differences in their academic…

Contemporary perspectives on age differences in risk taking, informed by advances in developmental neuroscience, have emphasized the need to examine the ways in which emotional and cognitive factors interact to influence decision making. In the present study, a diverse sample of 901 individuals between the ages of 10 and 30 were administered a…

The age effect in this study was such that younger children required proportionately more experience with reward than nonreward before they were able to improve their performance on reward problems over six sessions. (Author)

Given a chance to eat the candy or drink the juice in this study, the 5-year-olds, 7-year-olds and young adults failed to conserve and made choices based on what they said was appearance of greater quantity rather than upon the already established equivalencies. (Authors/CB)

Study supports the hypothesis that boys and girls, at the time they enter school, do not show the sex-related patterns of fantasy that have been found to differentiate adult men and women. By the age of about 9, sexual differentiation in fantasy patterns is clearly evident. (Authors/CB)

Results indicate that the ability to take another person's point of view may play a causal role in the child's attaining popular status among his peers during the early school years. (Author)

In this study children between the ages of 3 and 6 years were each presented with six number problems in which length and density were varied according to the proposed composition rules. (Authors)

Personal time perspective was defined as self-assessment at present in comparison with 5 years backward (retrotension) and forward (protension). (Authors)

Study assesses the relative strength and quality, that is, the richness" of the attributions of individual subjects. (Author/MB)

The specific hypothesis tested by this research is that children are able to attend to multiple cues simultaneously and are able to use the information contained in these cues. (Author)