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Zetter, Roger – Community Development Journal, 1996
Nongovernmental projects intended to assist Mozambican refugees in Malawi are limited by unresponsiveness to local conditions, inadequate resources, constraints on production and marketing, lack of sustainability, limited participation, and gender inequities. Such projects are likely to increase refugee dependency. (SK)
Descriptors: Economic Development, Foreign Countries, Nongovernmental Organizations, Refugees

Kruger, Angelika – Community Development Journal, 1993
An urban renewal program in preunification Berlin involved self-help projects and a community school. The program demonstrated a holistic approach to urban regeneration and showed that the success of participatory community processes depends on community education. (SK)
Descriptors: Community Development, Community Education, Foreign Countries, Self Help Programs
State Initiatives for the Empowerment of Women of Rural Communities: Experiences from Eastern India.

Lahiri-Dutt, Kuntala; Samanta, Gopa – Community Development Journal, 2002
Discussions with women in rural areas of India analyzed government-initiated development programs regarding availability of information, suitability to women's needs, and perception of problems. Most programs were top down with little input form women; self-help approaches problematized the "self" and did not consider the realities of…
Descriptors: Economic Development, Empowerment, Federal Programs, Females

Madu, Ephraim N.; Umebali, Emmanuel E. – Community Development Journal, 1993
A survey of 23 chairpersons of town unions (rural sociocultural organizations) in Nigeria indicated that self-help projects in education and rural development were concentrated in areas lacking infrastructure. Recommendations were made for an organizing framework, leadership training, government assistance, and efforts to encourage active…
Descriptors: Community Development, Community Organizations, Cooperatives, Foreign Countries

Njoh, Ambe J. – Community Development Journal, 2002
A community water supply project in Cameroon illustrates the following constraints on community participation in development: paternalistic authorities, prescriptive role of the state, selective participation, bias toward "hard" issues, inattention to negative results, group conflicts, gatekeeping, pressure for immediate results,…
Descriptors: Community Development, Community Involvement, Community Planning, Developing Nations

Adejunmobi, A. – Community Development Journal, 1990
A study of three Nigerian villages produced the following suggestions for improving the problems facing rural community development: democratic participative decision making, care in project selection, government incentives, promotion of adult literacy, and well-trained community workers. (SK)
Descriptors: Community Development, Developing Nations, Foreign Countries, Participative Decision Making

Rutherford, Andy – Community Development Journal, 1987
The case study examines the work of a coalition between certain women's groups in India and a nongovernmental charitable trust. The mission of the coalition is to empower Indian women, who generally possess neither land nor power, to care for their livestock. (CH)
Descriptors: Adult Education, Animal Husbandry, Community Development, Developing Nations