Discusses the Gulbenkian Rhetoric (which sees the purpose of community work as inducing and enabling people to adapt to changed circumstances), outlines different models of change in respect to policy, social relations, and politics, discusses middle-range factors which influence change, and outlines the relevance of the 'social movements'…

Despite contrasts between capitalist Hong Kong and socialist Guangzhou, the two cities' community work is similar in terms of superficial emphasis on citizen participation, maintenance of status quo, and consensus orientation. The imminent changeover in Hong Kong's sovereignty will change social welfare services in both cities. (SK)

Political changes in Scotland offer opportunities to integrate community development practice and environmental concerns. Community development practitioners who lack expertise in sustainable development could collaborate with environmental experts in the Community Learning Strategies initiative. (SK)

Includes "Community Work in the U.K.: Reflections on the 1980s" (Miller, Bryant); "Multiplication and Divisions: Trends in Community Development in Ireland since the 1960s" (Cinneide, Walsh); "Reconstruction to Deconstruction: The Transformation of Community Work in Australia" (Meekosha; Mowbray): "Community…

The author reviews the evolution of community development in a social work context in Hong Kong over the past decade, including riots, committees, block development, social actions, and politicization. He also comments on the role of the social worker in this context. (MF)

Compares social reform strategies in Britain and America. Illustrates how programs in both countries had similar difficulties, including diffusion of research findings, clarification of objectives, and political manipulation of social research. (SK)

This comparison of antipoverty strategies in Britain (Urban Programme) and the United States (War on Poverty) highlights their similar conceptions of the nature of the problem, differences in approach and implementation, and the contrasting political cultures of American community activism and British socialism. (SK)

A study was conducted to determine whether the tenets of rural social work were applicable only to the developing countries or whether they were also meaningful in the context of other industrial nations of the West. (CT)

Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have often worked in opposition to apartheid in South Africa. Experiences in Africa and Latin America show the inherently problematic nature of government-NGO relations. Their future in a more democratic South Africa may be in delivering needed social and educational services. (SK)

Interviews with 55 British and 40 Australian community development practitioners identified common phases experienced under New Right governments: retreat/isolation, adaptation/defense, and rebuilding. Britain's experiences suggest that community development practice is resilient, but reliance on government funding may restrain activism. (Contains…

Reviews the major influences that have contributed to the development of radical work theory and practice in the United Kingdom. Looks at the changing political context within which community workers have operated and at their relationship to the state. (JOW)

Attempts to discover how and why community development has been used in the past, and to formulate some ideas on prospects for community development in the future. (CT)

Reviews community development in Latin America (self-help local improvement projects, popular education, nongovernmental organizations). Identifies challenges--increasing the participation of all levels, reorganizing priorities, and supporting the development of economic democracy. (SK)

Discusses three major areas with which community work training must be concerned: the political and organizational needs of the working class; the learning needs and interests of the individual student; and the lessons of practice. (CT)

Discusses community development efforts in Guatemala to illustrate the challenge political violence presents to community development. It concludes with suggestions for revitalizing community development conceptions with more encompassing political considerations. (CT)