Because families are the first nurturers and educators of their children, it is helpful for policymakers and other stakeholders to understand how family characteristics, the activities in which families engage, and their neighborhood circumstances are associated with preschool children's health and readiness for learning. The analyses presented in this brief examine the associations between various family and neighborhood factors and the extent to which a child is reported to be healthy and ready to learn, using data from the 2017 and 2018 waves of the National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) for children ages 3 to 5. These analyses find that family factors are consistently and strongly associated with the extent to which preschool children are healthy and ready to learn. In addition, neighborhood factors, particularly neighborhood supports for children and families, also tend to be associated with children's readiness. These findings suggest that, if policymakers want to improve children's health and readiness to learn, they need to support families and communities.