Two studies addressed the role of representation ability and control of attention on solutions to an appearance-reality task based on two types of objects, real and representational. In Study 1, 67 preschool children (3-, 4-, and 5-year-olds) solved appearancereality problems and executive processing tasks. There was an interaction between object…

Forty-four Head Start classrooms were randomly assigned to enriched intervention (Head Start REDI--Research-based, Developmentally Informed) or "usual practice" conditions. The intervention involved brief lessons, "hands-on" extension activities, and specific teaching strategies linked empirically with the promotion of: (a)…

A total of 61 children from first through sixth grades participated in four balance-scale and four inclined-plane problem types in a study testing for invariance of subject classifications as rule-users across problems whose products differed but whose type did not. Results indicated that many children's classifications differed across…

Both between- and within-group differences in children ages nine to eleven identified as having reflective or impulsive cognitive tempos. Cognitive tempo was first assessed using Kagan's Matching Familiar Figures test, and children were later tested on the Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices. (Author/RH)

The contraceptive effectiveness of 155 single women between 15 and 25 years of age was found to be significantly and negatively related to a means-end problem-solving ability and a belief in internal control and significantly and positively related to a belief in chance control. (JMB)

Results showed that play opportunity and training experience for four year olds produced roughly equivalent problem-solving speeds when the task was standard or direct. When the task was nonstandard or innovative, however, play opportunity produced faster problem solving than training. (JMB)

A total of 82 fourth and fifth graders participated in a 15-week intervention program during which they confronted problems requiring formal operational thought. Subjects showed advancement toward formal operations on the pendulum and chemicals problems (Inhelder and Piaget) and on a third problem on immediate and 4-month posttests. (Author/JH)

Three longitudinal studies were conducted to examine the generalization of detour ability across motor responses and barrier types, and to investigate the relationship between the development of object permanence and detour ability. Results were discussed in terms of differences in reaching and locomotor detour performances. (Author/CI)

The effectiveness of different training and transfer test conditions in promoting perceptual learning in impulsive kindergarten children was investigated. The results provide guidelines for designing effective training methods for improving discrimination learning and problem solving in impulsive children. (Author/SB)

A study of the development of elementary school children's appreciation of riddles was conducted within the framework of the incongruity and resolution theory of humor. (ST)

To examine the relationship between response accuracy and tempo, as measured by the Matching Familiar Figures Test (MFF) and criterion measures, 233 7-, 9-, and 11-year-olds were given the MFF, two problem-solving tasks, and a test of academic achievement. (Author/JH)

The present study was designed to identify sources of information in the human face and to determine how this information is processed by young children in solving problems. (ST)