If after teaching a label for 1 object, a speaker does not name a nearby object, 3-year-olds tend to reject the label for the nearby object (W.E. Merriman, J.M. Marazita, L.H. Jarvis, J.A. Evey-Burkey, and M. Biggins, 1995a). In Studies 1 (5-year-olds) and 3 (3-year-olds), this effect depended on object similarity. In Study 2, when a speaker used…

An investigation of whether attention to rewards in the delay contingency might facilitate delay if such reward-oriented attention was made instrumental. Subjects were 80 preschool children. (SDH)

Presents three experiments which investigated: (1) the nature of the processes by which preschool and kindergarten children estimate small numbers; and (2) the generality of the number-relevant versus number-irrelevant categorization scheme in the child's operative thinking about small numbers. (Author/ED)

Hong Kong Chinese and American adolescents were given three Piagetian tasks of formal operations in order to assess cultural, age, and sex differences. Significant effects were demonstrated with Americans, older subjects, and males performing at more advanced levels. (Author/JMB)

Acquisition, maintenance, and generalization of organizational strategies were studied in two experiments as a function of impulsivity-reflectivity and metamemory among primary school students. Findings are in line with the hypothesis that metamemory, rather than cognitive tempo, mediates the effectiveness of an experimenter-trained strategy in…

Demonstrated that six-year-olds performed as well as 17-year-olds in discriminating self-generated memories from memories that were the result of external presentation. However, six-year-olds were not as adept as nine-year-olds in discriminating what they had said earlier from what they had only thought. (Author/MP)

Compares developmental changes in the processing of subordinate/superordinate relationships across perceptual and nonperceptual categories. Perceptual categories contained visually similar exemplars, while nonperceptual categories contained dissimilar exemplars. Second, fifth, and eleventh graders, as well as mentally retarded adolescents,…

Differences in response of four- to seven-month-old infants to tachistoscopically presented photographs of two human faces suggest infants were able to remember a frequently presented face from trial to trial and discriminate it from a discrepant, infrequently presented face. Findings suggest event-related brain potential (ERP) responses could…

Assesses the effectiveness of different child-generated classification schemes on preschool children's memory performance. Children who organized pictures according to taxonomic categories (e.g., animals, vehicles) demonstrated significantly greater recall than children classified as nontaxonomic. (Author/MP)

In terms of Kagan's theory of the problem-solving process, this study explores the relationship between reflection-impulsivity, hypothesis generation and testing, and evaluation of the quality of one's own solutions among children approximately 8 to 12 years old. (JMB)

Third- and fifth-grade children and adults were presented with eight-item letter sequences of varied approximation to English in a tachistoscopic single report, cue delay task. (RH)

In a four-year longitudinal study of the development of concrete operational thought, children were administered tests assessing seriation; numeration; class inclusion; hierarchical classification; and conservation of mass, weight, and volume. Levels of seriation and numeration skills in kindergarten were powerful predictors of the acquisition of…