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Florian Markus Bednarski; Katrin Rothmaler; Simon M. Hofmann; Charlotte Grosse Wiesmann – Child Development, 2025
The ability to control movement is a core element of agency. Previous studies of infant agency have focused on responses to sensory contingencies but neglected the importance of infants' control as a necessary indicator of agency. Here, we test whether infants flexibly control their eye movements with a gaze-contingent eye tracking paradigm.…
Descriptors: Infants, Infant Behavior, Eye Movements, Self Control
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Geier, Charles F.; Luna, Beatriz – Child Development, 2012
Inhibitory control and incentive processes underlie decision making, yet few studies have explicitly examined their interaction across development. Here, the effects of potential rewards and losses on inhibitory control in 64 adolescents (13- to 17-year-olds) and 42 young adults (18- to 29-year-olds) were examined using an incentivized antisaccade…
Descriptors: Adolescents, Inhibition, Rewards, Young Adults
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Clark, Caron A. C.; Sheffield, Tiffany D.; Wiebe, Sandra A.; Espy, Kimberly A. – Child Development, 2013
Executive control (EC) is related to mathematics performance in middle childhood. However, little is known regarding how EC and informal numeracy differentially support mathematics skill acquisition in preschoolers. A sample of preschoolers (115 girls, 113 boys), stratified by social risk, completed an EC task battery at 3 years, informal numeracy…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Self Control, Mathematics Achievement, Numeracy