Moving is common during middle childhood, but links between move type and children's development are less well understood. Using nationally-representative, longitudinal data (2010-2016) of [approximately]9900 U.S. kindergarteners (52% boys, 51.48% White, 26.11% Hispanic/Latino, 10.63% Black, 11.78% Asian/Pacific Islander), we conducted…

This study investigated associations between kindergarten teachers' (N = 208) depressive symptoms and students' (Ghanaian nationals, N = 1490, M[subscript age] = 5.8) school-readiness skills (early literacy, early numeracy, social-emotional skills, and executive function) across 208 schools in Ghana over one school year. Teachers' depressive…

This report describes the first prospective study specifically designed to assess children's verbal memory for a unique event 6 years after it occurred. Forty-six 27- to 51-month-old children took part in a unique event and were interviewed about it twice, after 24-hr and 6-year delays. During the 6-year interview, 9 children verbally recalled the…

Kinematic measures of children's reaching were found to reflect stable differences in skill level for planning for future actions. Thirty-five toddlers (18-21 months) were engaged in building block towers (precise task) and in placing blocks into an open container (imprecise task). Sixteen children were retested on the same tasks a year later.…

The relation between children's mental state knowledge and metaknowledge about reading was examined in 2 studies. In Study 1, 196 children (mean age = 9 years) were tested for verbal ability (VA), metaknowledge about reading, and mental state words in a story task. In Study 2, the results of Study 1 were extended by using a cross-lagged design and…

Subjects responded most accurately to sentences representing temporal order and to and then but first" commands than to before/after" commands. (Author)

Two problems that illustrate the importance of timing in human behavior are discussed. The major problem relates to timing in motor skill performance and acquisition. The second problem concerns the child's adaptation to his social milieu. (Author/JH)

Four experiments examined the effects of reenactment on 18-month-olds' event memory. Results indicated that reenacting novel activities in a laboratory playroom improved event memory. Reenactment was more effective after a time delay, and the effects of timing of reenactment were more pronounced after a six-month delay. Reenacting half of the…

The information load analysis of a discrimination-learning situation was studied by comparing speed of learning with a conventional reinforcement procedure and an inseparable reinforcer. Results showed more rapid learning by 4- to 6-year-olds with the inseparable reinforcer on earlier problems in a series and greater effect on more difficult…

Findings confirmed that whereas six- to eight-month-old infants revealed reliable acquisition under immediate reinforcement, a three-second delay precluded response acquisition, as did six-second and ten-second delay of reinforcement. A modified delayed-reinforcement scheduling procedure enabled a previous methodological criticism to be…

The release-from-proactive-inhibition technique was used to assess the effects of mode of presentation and presentation rate on the development of elementary school children's ability to use the evaluative dimension of the Semantic Differential as an encoding device in short-term memory. (Author/JMB)

This study investigated 17-week-old infants' response to discrepancy in visual patterns as a function of rate of habituation. (BRT)

Paper calls attention to the extent of iconic information processing in young children and presents data on children's ability to recall iconic information. (Authors)

Results showed that instructions significantly increased recognition accuracy. (Author/MB)

The naturalistic acquisition of Dutch by English speakers of different ages was examined longitudinally to test the hypothesis that second language acquisition is most efficient before the age of puberty when cerebral lateralization is complete. Results did not support this critical period hypothesis for language acquisition. (JMB)