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Yanaoka, Kaichi; Saito, Satoru – Child Development, 2021
This study examined whether executive functions impact how flexibly children represent task context in performing repeated sequential actions. Japanese children in Experiments 1 (N = 52; 3-6 years) and 2 (N = 50, 4-6 years) performed sequential actions repeatedly; one group received reminders. Experiment 1 indicated that reminders promote flexible…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Sequential Learning, Children, Foreign Countries
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Cowan, Nelson – Child Development, 2021
The Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, 4th ed. includes two measures of working memory normed on children 2;6-7;7. The present analyses of the typically developing children (N = 1,591, 812 female, 779 male, with an ethnic distribution approximating the United States) provide new, theoretically important information about these…
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Intelligence Tests, Young Children, Short Term Memory
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Newton, Emily K.; Thompson, Ross A.; Goodman, Miranda – Child Development, 2016
Latent class logistic regression analysis was used to investigate sources of individual differences in profiles of prosocial behavior. Eighty-seven 18-month-olds were observed in tasks assessing sharing with a neutral adult, instrumentally helping a neutral adult, and instrumentally helping a sad adult. Maternal mental state language (MSL) and…
Descriptors: Toddlers, Individual Differences, Regression (Statistics), Mothers
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Fisher, Anna V.; Godwin, Karrie E.; Matlen, Bryan J.; Unger, Layla – Child Development, 2015
Category-based induction is a hallmark of mature cognition; however, little is known about its origins. This study evaluated the hypothesis that category-based induction is related to semantic development. Computational studies suggest that early on there is little differentiation among concepts, but learning and development lead to increased…
Descriptors: Semantics, Young Children, Individual Differences, Language Acquisition
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Lyons, Kristen E.; Ghetti, Simona – Child Development, 2013
Although some evidence indicates that even very young children engage in rudimentary forms of strategic behavior, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. This study tested the hypothesis that uncertainty monitoring underlies such behaviors. Three-, four-, and five-year-old children ("N" = 88) completed a perceptual…
Descriptors: Child Development, Behavior Problems, Hypothesis Testing, Individual Differences
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Lewis, Marc D.; Stieben, Jim – Child Development, 2004
Emotion regulation cannot be temporally distinguished from emotion in the brain, but activation patterns in prefrontal cortex appear to mediate cognitive control during emotion episodes. Frontal event-related potentials (ERPs) can tap cognitive control hypothetically mediated by the anterior cingulate cortex, and developmentalists have used these…
Descriptors: Brain, Emotional Development, Self Control, Child Development