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Physical Activity Intervention Improves Executive Function and Language Development during Early Childhood: The Active Early Learning Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
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Lisa S. Olive; Rohan M. Telford; Elizabeth Westrupp; Richard D. Telford – Child Development, 2024
This study aimed to determine the effects of the Active Early Learning (AEL) childcare center-based physical activity intervention on early childhood executive function and expressive vocabulary via a randomized controlled trial. Three-hundred-and-fourteen preschool children (134 girls) aged 3-5 years from 15 childcare centers were randomly…
Descriptors: Physical Activities, Intervention, Child Development, Executive Function
The Role of Executive Functions in Socioeconomic Attainment Gaps: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial
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Blakey, Emma; Matthews, Danielle; Cragg, Lucy; Buck, Jessica; Cameron, David; Higgins, Ben; Pepper, Lisa; Ridley, Ellen; Sullivan, Emma; Carroll, Daniel J. – Child Development, 2020
The socioeconomic attainment gap in mathematics starts early and increases over time. This study aimed to examine why this gap exists. Four-year-olds from diverse backgrounds were randomly allocated to a brief intervention designed to improve executive functions (N = 87) or to an active control group (N = 88). The study was preregistered and…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Achievement Gap, Mathematics Achievement, Mathematics Skills
Cognitive Stimulation as a Mechanism Linking Socioeconomic Status with Executive Function: A Longitudinal Investigation
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Rosen, Maya L.; Hagen, McKenzie P.; Lurie, Lucy A.; Miles, Zoe E.; Sheridan, Margaret A.; Meltzoff, Andrew N.; McLaughlin, Katie A. – Child Development, 2020
Executive functions (EF), including working memory, inhibition, and cognitive flexibility, vary as a function of socioeconomic status (SES), with children from economically disadvantaged backgrounds having poorer performance than their higher SES peers. Using observational methods, we investigated cognitive stimulation in the home as a mechanism…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Socioeconomic Status, Socioeconomic Influences, Young Children
Maternal Language and Child Vocabulary Mediate Relations between Socioeconomic Status and Executive Function during Early Childhood
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M. Paula Daneri; Clancy Blair; Laura J. Kuhn; Lynne Vernon-Feagans; Mark Greenberg; Martha Cox; Peg Burchinal; Michael Willoughby; Patricia Garrett-Peters; Roger Mills-Koonce – Child Development, 2019
This article examined longitudinal relations among socioeconomic risk, maternal language input, child vocabulary, and child executive function (EF) in a large sample (N = 1,009) recruited for a prospective longitudinal study. Two measures of maternal language input derived from a parent-child picture book task, vocabulary diversity (VOCD), and…
Descriptors: Longitudinal Studies, Socioeconomic Status, Risk, Mothers
Bilingualism Narrows Socioeconomic Disparities in Executive Functions and Self-Regulatory Behaviors during Early Childhood: Evidence from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study
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Hartanto, Andree; Toh, Wei X.; Yang, Hwajin – Child Development, 2019
Socioeconomic status (SES) and bilingualism have been shown to influence executive functioning during early childhood. Less is known, however, about how the two factors interact within an individual. By analyzing a nationally representative sample of approximately 18,200 children who were tracked from ages 5 to 7 across four waves, both higher SES…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Socioeconomic Status, Executive Function, Self Control
Longitudinal Associations between Executive Control and Developing Mathematical Competence in Preschool Boys and Girls
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Clark, Caron A. C.; Sheffield, Tiffany D.; Wiebe, Sandra A.; Espy, Kimberly A. – Child Development, 2013
Executive control (EC) is related to mathematics performance in middle childhood. However, little is known regarding how EC and informal numeracy differentially support mathematics skill acquisition in preschoolers. A sample of preschoolers (115 girls, 113 boys), stratified by social risk, completed an EC task battery at 3 years, informal numeracy…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Self Control, Mathematics Achievement, Numeracy