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Mulaik, Stanley A. – Child Development, 1987
Examines and rejects common criticisms of the causality concept; shows causality is a relation implied in the grammar of a language about objects. Discusses objective criteria for concepts of causal relations and explains how the concept of causality may be modified to have causes determine probabilities of outcomes. (Author/RH)
Descriptors: Definitions, Etiology, Probability, Research Methodology
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Perner, Josef – Child Development, 1979
Descriptors: Comprehension, Elementary School Students, Foreign Countries, Kindergarten Children
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Beck, Sarah R.; Robinson, Elizabeth J.; Carroll, Daniel J.; Apperly, Ian A. – Child Development, 2006
Two experiments explored whether children's correct answers to counter factual and future hypothetical questions were based on an understanding of possibilities. Children played a game in which a toy mouse could run down either 1 of 2 slides. Children found it difficult to mark physically both possible outcomes, compared to reporting a single…
Descriptors: Educational Experiments, Child Development, Young Children, Probability