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Direct linkEngle, Jae; Baker-Harvey, Hazel; Nguyen, Hieu-Kevin; Carney, Hunter; Stavropoulos, Katherine; Carver, Leslie J. – Child Development, 2021
The ability to learn from expectations is foundational to social and nonsocial learning in children. However, we know little about the brain basis of reward expectation in development. Here, 3- to 4-year-olds (N = 26) were shown a passive associative learning paradigm with dynamic stimuli. Anticipation for reward-related stimuli was measured via…
Descriptors: Brain, Preschool Children, Stimuli, Rewards
Peer reviewedWoodward, Amanda L.; Hoyne, Karen L. – Child Development, 1999
Two studies examined whether 1-year olds' name learning during joint attention was guided by expectation that names will be in the form of spoken words. Results showed that 13-month olds, but not 20-month olds, learned a new sound/object correspondence, as evidenced by their choosing targets reliably in responses to hearing the word or sound on…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Associative Learning, Cognitive Development, Expectation
