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Language, Ambiguity, and Executive Functions in Adolescents' Theory of Mind
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Brodsky, Jessica E.; Bergson, Zachary; Chen, Ming; Hayward, Elizabeth O.; Plass, Jan L.; Homer, Bruce D. – Child Development, 2023
Executive functions' (EF) role in adolescents' advanced theory of mind (aToM) was examined. In Study 1, adolescents (N = 189 in 2017, M[subscript age] = 13.1 years, 55.6% female from racially/ethnically diverse schools) completed the Flexibility and Automaticity of Social Cognition task (FASC), and shifting and inhibition measures. Study 2…
Descriptors: Adolescents, Theory of Mind, Executive Function, Social Cognition
Children in Ethnically Diverse Classrooms and Those with Cross-Ethnic Friendships Excel at Understanding Others' Minds
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Rory T. Devine; Imogen Grumley Traynor; Luca Ronchi; Serena Lecce – Child Development, 2024
This study examined the link between classroom ethnic diversity, cross-ethnic friendships, and children's theory of mind. In total, 730 children in the United Kingdom (54.7% girls, 51.5% White) aged 8 to 13 years completed measures of theory of mind in 2019/2020. Controlling for verbal ability, executive function, peer social preference, and…
Descriptors: Child Development, Ethnic Groups, Theory of Mind, Student Diversity
The Homogeneity and Heterogeneity of Moral Functioning in Preschool
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Tan, Enda; Mikami, Amori Y.; Luzhanska, Anastasiya; Hamlin, J. Kiley – Child Development, 2021
The current study examined relations between distinct aspects of moral functioning, and their cognitive and emotional correlates, in preschool age children. Participants were 171 typically developing 3- to 6-year-olds. Each child completed several tasks, including (a) moral tasks assessing both performance of various moral actions and evaluations…
Descriptors: Moral Values, Cognitive Processes, Emotional Response, Preschool Children
Individual Differences in Children's Corepresentation of Self and Other in Joint Action
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Milward, Sophie J.; Kita, Sotaro; Apperly, Ian A. – Child Development, 2017
Previous research has shown that children aged 4-5 years, but not 2-3 years, show adult-like interference from a partner when performing a joint task (Milward, Kita, & Apperly, 2014). This raises questions about the cognitive skills involved in the development of such "corepresentation (CR)" of a partner (Sebanz, Knoblich, &…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Children, Theory of Mind, Inhibition
Siblings, Theory of Mind, and Executive Functioning in Children Aged 3-6 Years: New Longitudinal Evidence
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McAlister, Anna R.; Peterson, Candida C. – Child Development, 2013
Longitudinal data were obtained from 157 children aged 3 years 3 months to 5 years 6 months at Time 1. At Time 2 these children had aged an average of 12 months. Theory of mind (ToM) and executive functioning (EF) were measured at both time points. Results suggest that Time 1 ToM scores predict Time 2 EF scores. Detailed examination of sibling…
Descriptors: Longitudinal Studies, Young Children, Theory of Mind, Executive Function
Effects of Labeling on Preschoolers' Explicit False Belief Performance: Outcomes of Cognitive Flexibility or Inhibitory Control?
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Low, Jason; Simpson, Samantha – Child Development, 2012
Executive function mechanisms underpinning language-related effects on theory of mind understanding were examined in a sample of 165 preschoolers. Verbal labels were manipulated to identify relevant perspectives on an explicit false belief task. In Experiment 1 with 4-year-olds (N = 74), false belief reasoning was superior in the fully and…
Descriptors: Theory of Mind, Preschool Children, Executive Function, Beliefs