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Starr, Ariel; Cirolia, Alagia J.; Tillman, Katharine A.; Srinivasan, Mahesh – Child Development, 2021
Why are spatial metaphors, like the use of "high" to describe a musical pitch, so common? This study tested one hundred and fifty-four 3- to 5-year-old English-learning children on their ability to learn a novel adjective in the domain of space or pitch and to extend this adjective to the untrained dimension. Children were more…
Descriptors: Figurative Language, Language Acquisition, Vocabulary Development, Music
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Ekman, Paul; And Others – Child Development, 1980
Examined the development of the ability of 5-, 9-, and 13-year-old children to produce elemental and complex facial movements intentionally. (Author/DB)
Descriptors: Affective Behavior, Age Differences, Children, Difficulty Level
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Belsky, Jay; And Others – Child Development, 1997
Examined 3-year-old boys' pride and shame reactions to success and failure on a "rigged" achievement situation. Found that pride and shame were related to task difficulty and success versus failure but unrelated to temperament after one year. Children whose parents were more positive in previous parenting displayed less pride and…
Descriptors: Difficulty Level, Emotional Response, Failure, Individual Differences