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Direct linkAmandine Van Rinsveld; Christine Schiltz – Child Development, 2025
Acquiring robust semantic representations of numbers is crucial for math achievement. However, the learning stage where magnitude becomes automatically elicited by number symbols (i.e., digits from 1 to 9) remains unknown due to the difficulty to measure automatic semantic processing. We used a frequency-tagging EEG paradigm targeting automatic…
Descriptors: Brain, Numbers, Semantics, Cognitive Processes
Sagana Vijayarajah; Margaret L. Schlichting – Child Development, 2025
Despite substantial improvements to memory precision in childhood, the neural mechanisms underlying these changes remain unclear. Here, 40 children (7-9 years; 22 females, 18 males; majority White) and 42 adults (24-35 years; 22 females, 20 males; majority White) modulated their approaches to memory formation--focusing on the specific details to…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Memory, Brain, Accuracy
Martina Arioli; Valentina Silvestri; Angelo Petrelli; Daniela Morniroli; Maria Lorella Giannì; Hermann Bulf; Viola Macchi Cassia – Child Development, 2025
Four-month-old infants extract ordinal information in number-based and size-based visual sequences, provided that magnitude changes involve increasing relations. Here the ontogenetic origins of ordinal processing were investigated between 2018 and 2022 by testing newborns' discrimination of reversal in numerosity (Experiment 1, N = 22 White, 11…
Descriptors: Infants, Neonates, Cognitive Processes, Cognitive Development
Alison E. Calentino; Nathan M. Hager; Elise M. Adams; Aline K. Szenczy; Lindsay Dickey; Autumn Kujawa; Greg Hajcak; Brady D. Nelson; Daniel N. Klein – Child Development, 2025
The late positive potential (LPP), an event-related potential reflecting affective processing, may exhibit developmental shifts in magnitude and scalp location. In the present longitudinal study, 501 youth (47.3% female; 89.4% White; 12.0% Hispanic) completed the emotion interrupt task to elicit the LPP to neutral, positive, and negative images at…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Children, Adolescents
Daniil Serko; Julia Leonard; Azzurra Ruggeri – Child Development, 2025
Adjusting practice to different goals and characteristics is key to learning, but its development remains unclear. Across 2 preregistered experiments, 190 4-to-8-year-olds (106 female; mostly White; data collection: December 2021-September 2022) and 31 adults played an easy and a difficult game, then chose one to practice before a test on either…
Descriptors: Childrens Attitudes, Cognitive Processes, Decision Making, Games
Kirsten H. Blakey; Eva Rafetseder; Giacomo Melis; Ariane Veit; Kea Amelung; Franziska Freudensprung; Kinga Kovacs; Zsófia Virányi – Child Development, 2025
Some philosophers argue that reflection is key to rational thinking. By tying reflective thinking to language, they struggle to account for minimally verbal infants and exclude nonhuman animals. This study assessed processing of undermining defeaters--a basic form of reflective thinking--in 36 two-year-old British children (13 female; M[subscript…
Descriptors: Toddlers, Cognitive Processes, Reflection, Thinking Skills
Elisabeth C. McLane; S. Kyle Hatcher; Diana Selmeczy – Child Development, 2025
Prioritizing what information to learn based on value is a critical developmental skill. Across two studies, value-based memory was assessed predominately in White children aged 6- to 7-years-old and 9- to 10-years-old using a nationwide sample collected between 2020 and 2023. Children learned cue-target associations worth varying point values.…
Descriptors: Memory, Learning Strategies, Whites, Children
Dashiell D. Sacks; Viviane Valdes; Carol L. Wilkinson; April R. Levin; Charles A. Nelson; Michelle Bosquet Enlow – Child Development, 2025
Aperiodic electroencephalography (EEG) activity is hypothesized to index biological mechanisms that underpin brain functioning. This longitudinal study characterized the developmental trajectories of the aperiodic slope (i.e., aperiodic exponent) and offset from infancy to 7 years of age in a US community sample (N = 391, 46.5% female,…
Descriptors: Brain, Cognitive Processes, Cognitive Development, Child Development
Sebastian P. Suggate; Viktoria Karle; Heidrun Stoeger – Child Development, 2025
Fine motor skills (FMS) have been intensely studied in developmental contexts, with little attention to their empirical structure and developmental changes. We tested the factor structure of FMS on 5- to 10 year old children in two cohorts from 2020 to 2023, beginning in kindergarten and grade 2 and followed up 1 year later (n = 240 and 310, 49.7%…
Descriptors: Psychomotor Skills, Motor Development, Kindergarten, Grade 1
Amanda C. Brandone; Wyntre Stout – Child Development, 2024
As they learn to navigate the social world, children construct frameworks to interpret others' behavior. The present studies examined two such frameworks: a mentalistic framework, which construes behavior as driven by internal mental states; and a normative framework, which presumes people act in accordance with social norms. Participants included…
Descriptors: Children, Adults, Behavior Theories, Childrens Attitudes
Lily Dicken; Thomas Suddendorf; Adam Bulley; Muireann Irish; Jonathan Redshaw – Child Development, 2025
Australian children aged 6-9 years (N = 120, 71 females; data collected in 2021-2022) were tasked with remembering the locations of 1, 3, 5, and 7 targets hidden under 25 cups on different trials. In the critical test phase, children were provided with a limited number of tokens to allocate across trials, which they could use to mark target…
Descriptors: Child Development, Cognitive Ability, Foreign Countries, Task Analysis
Andrew Lynn; John Maule; Dima Amso – Child Development, 2024
Children (N = 103, 4-9 years, 59 females, 84% White, c. 2019) completed visual processing, visual feature integration (color, luminance, motion), and visual search tasks. Contrast sensitivity and feature search improved with age similarly for luminance and color-defined targets. Incidental feature integration improved more with age for…
Descriptors: Visual Perception, Age Differences, Light, Color
Abbondanza, Filippo; Dale, Philip S.; Wang, Carol A.; Hayiou-Thomas, Marianna E.; Toseeb, Umar; Koomar, Tanner S.; Wigg, Karen G.; Feng, Yu; Price, Kaitlyn M.; Kerr, Elizabeth N.; Guger, Sharon L.; Lovett, Maureen W.; Strug, Lisa J.; van Bergen, Elsje; Dolan, Conor V.; Tomblin, J. Bruce; Moll, Kristina; Schulte-Körne, Gerd; Neuhoff, Nina; Warnke, Andreas; Fisher, Simon E.; Barr, Cathy L.; Michaelson, Jacob J.; Boomsma, Dorret I.; Snowling, Margaret J.; Hulme, Charles; Whitehouse, Andrew J. O.; Pennell, Craig E.; Newbury, Dianne F.; Stein, John; Talcott, Joel B.; Bishop, Dorothy V. M.; Paracchini, Silvia – Child Development, 2023
Handedness has been studied for association with language-related disorders because of its link with language hemispheric dominance. No clear pattern has emerged, possibly because of small samples, publication bias, and heterogeneous criteria across studies. Non-right-handedness (NRH) frequency was assessed in N = 2503 cases with reading and/or…
Descriptors: Children, Adolescents, Language Impairments, Reading Difficulties
Madeleine Bruce; Tatiana Meza-Cervera; Briana Ermanni; Martha Ann Bell – Child Development, 2025
This study investigated the associations between infant frontal EEG power (5 month), infant visual attention (10 month), and toddler executive functioning (EF; 24 month), extending previous research predominantly conducted with school-aged children. Data were collected from 410 typically developing children (51% female; 78% White, non-Hispanic)…
Descriptors: Infants, Brain, Cognitive Processes, Predictor Variables
Julia Matthes; Vsevolod Scherrer; Franzis Preckel – Child Development, 2025
Need for cognition (NFC) reflects the tendency to enjoy and engage in cognitive challenges. This study examines the relations between NFC and academic interest among 922 German secondary school students (academic track) assessed four times in Grades 5-7 (initial age M = 10.63, SD = 0.55; 41% female; 90% first language German) in mathematics,…
Descriptors: Secondary School Students, Student Attitudes, Student Interests, Cognitive Processes
