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Young Children's Use of the Scheme for Multiple Sufficient Causes in the Attribution of Real and Hypothetical Behavior
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Shultz, Thomas R.; Butkowsky, Irwin – Child Development, 1977
Descriptors: Attribution Theory, Cognitive Processes, Early Childhood Education
Similarity as a Principle of Causal Inference
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Shultz, Thomas R.; Ravinsky, Frances B. – Child Development, 1977
This study examined the general importance of similarity in children's causal reasoning and the relation between similarity and the other principles of causal inference. Participants were 16 boys and 16 girls at each of four grade levels: K, 2, 4, and 6. (Author/JMB)
Descriptors: Attribution Theory, Cognitive Processes, Elementary School Students, Fundamental Concepts
Developmental Distinctions between Behavior and Judgment in the Operation of the Discounting Principle.
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Wells, Diane; Shultz, Thomas R. – Child Development, 1980
Examined reasons for discrepancies in the literature regarding the emergence of the scheme for multiple sufficient causes. Children between 4.3 and 5.4 years of age were asked to predict their own and another child's behavior in real and hypothetical situations when a reward was present or missing. (Author/DB)
Descriptors: Behavior, Childhood Attitudes, Cognitive Processes, Perspective Taking