Investigated 4-, 8-, and 11-year-olds' ability to categorize intentionally false and true statements as lies and truths. Found that older children were more likely to categorize false statements as lies and true statements as truths than were 4-year-olds. Antisocial lies were rated as most serious, and "white lies" as least serious.…

Investigated preschool, second, and fifth grade children's definitions of, moral standards for, and internal evaluative reactions to lies and truthful statements. Older children correctly identified almost all statements, whereas preschoolers correctly identified about 70 percent. Lies were rated as worse than truthful statements by all age…