This paper presents a study that applied both "productive failure" (PF) and "authentic learning" instructional approaches in online learning activities for early-career process engineers' professional development. This study compares participants learning with either a PF (low-to-high [LH]) or a more traditional (high-to-low)…

Continues an earlier paper which dealt with the basic concepts concerning the learning process that should be used as a starting point for the instructional design process. Instructional decisions that should be taken at the macro design level are discussed. Twenty-five references are listed. (LLS)