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Breitberg, Alaina; Drevets, Wayne C.; Wood, Suzanne E.; Mah, Linda; Schulkin, Jay; Sahakian, Barbara J.; Erickson, Kristine – Brain and Cognition, 2013
Glucocorticoid administration has been shown to exert complex effects on cognitive and emotional processing. In the current study we investigated the effects of glucocorticoid administration on attention towards emotional words, using an Affective Go/No-go task on which healthy humans have shown an attentional bias towards positive as compared to…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Cognitive Processes, Reaction Time, Short Term Memory
Wiese, Holger; Kloth, Nadine; Gullmar, Daniel; Reichenbach, Jurgen R.; Schweinberger, Stefan R. – Brain and Cognition, 2012
Efficient processing of unfamiliar faces typically involves their categorization (e.g., into old vs. young or male vs. female). However, age and gender categorization may pose different perceptual demands. In the present study, we employed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to compare the activity evoked during age vs. gender…
Descriptors: Classification, Social Cognition, Diagnostic Tests, Brain Hemisphere Functions
Rahman, Qazi; Bakare, Monsurat; Serinsu, Ceydan – Brain and Cognition, 2011
Previous research has demonstrated a female advantage, albeit imperfectly, on tests of object location memory where object identity information is readily available. However, spatial and visual elements are often confounded in the experimental tasks used. Here spatial and visual memory performance was compared in 30 men and 30 women by presenting…
Descriptors: Memory, Intelligence Tests, Scores, Gender Differences
Hartley, Alan A.; Jonides, John; Sylvester, Ching-Yune C. – Brain and Cognition, 2011
fMRI was used to explore age differences in the neural substrate of dual-task processing. Brain activations when there was a 100 ms SOA between tasks, and task overlap was high, were contrasted with activations when there was a 1000 ms SOA, and first task processing was largely complete before the second task began. Younger adults (M = 21 yrs)…
Descriptors: Older Adults, Age Differences, Cognitive Processes, Young Adults
Spatial Analysis after Perinatal Stroke: Patterns of Neglect and Exploration in Extra-Personal Space
Thareja, Tarika; Ballantyne, Angela O.; Trauner, Doris A. – Brain and Cognition, 2012
This study was conducted to determine whether school-aged children who had experienced a perinatal stroke demonstrate evidence of persistent spatial neglect, and if such neglect was specific to the visual domain or was more generalized. Two studies were carried out. In the first, 38 children with either left hemisphere (LH) or right hemisphere…
Descriptors: Evidence, Personal Space, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Stimuli
Cherry, Barbara J.; Yamashiro, Mariana; Anderson, Erin; Barrett, Christopher; Adamson, Maheen M.; Hellige, Joseph B. – Brain and Cognition, 2010
Physical and Name Identity letter-matching tasks were used to explore differences in interhemispheric collaboration in younger and older adults. To determine whether other factors might also be related to across/within-hemisphere processing or visual field asymmetries, neuropsychological tests measuring frontal/executive functioning were…
Descriptors: Cooperation, Older Adults, Young Adults, Task Analysis
Shin, Jacqueline C. – Brain and Cognition, 2011
The ability to learn temporal patterns in sequenced actions was investigated in elementary-school age children. Temporal learning depends upon a process of integrating timing patterns with action sequences. Children ages 6-13 and young adults performed a serial response time task in which a response and a timing sequence were presented repeatedly…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Elementary School Students, Young Adults, Task Analysis
Hill, Elisabeth L.; Khanem, Fateha – Brain and Cognition, 2009
Lateralisation of hand preference and manual dexterity are known to develop over childhood, while in adulthood strength of hand preference has been shown to interact with extrinsic task demands. Some evidence exists to suggest that strength of hand preference and motor skill may be related. In the current study a handedness inventory, midline…
Descriptors: Handedness, Psychomotor Skills, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Task Analysis
Prakash, Ruchika Shaurya; Erickson, Kirk I.; Colcombe, Stanley J.; Kim, Jennifer S.; Voss, Michelle W.; Kramer, Arthur F. – Brain and Cognition, 2009
We investigated the relative involvement of cortical regions supporting attentional control in older and younger adults during performance on a modified version of the Stroop task. Participants were exposed to two different types of incongruent trials. One of these, an incongruent-ineligible condition, produces conflict at the non-response level,…
Descriptors: Conflict, Attention Control, Cognitive Processes, Age Differences
Baudouin, Alexia; Clarys, David; Vanneste, Sandrine; Isingrini, Michel – Brain and Cognition, 2009
The aim of the present study was to examine executive dysfunctioning and decreased processing speed as potential mediators of age-related differences in episodic memory. We compared the performances of young and elderly adults in a free-recall task. Participants were also given tests to measure executive functions and perceptual processing speed…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Memory, Cognitive Processes, Comparative Analysis
Sorel, Olivier; Pennequin, Valerie – Brain and Cognition, 2008
This study tested whether the aging of executive functioning is linked to the decline in planning performance. Participants were divided into three groups: group 1 composed of 15 adults with a mean age of 22.7 years, group 2 composed of 15 adults with a mean age of 68.1 years and group 3 composed of 16 adults with a mean age of 78.75 years. Each…
Descriptors: Memory, Age Differences, Cognitive Processes, Adults
De Beni, Rossana; Pazzaglia, Francesca; Gardini, Simona – Brain and Cognition, 2007
Imagery is a multi-componential process involving different mental operations. This paper addresses whether separate processes underlie the generation, maintenance and transformation of mental images or whether these cognitive processes rely on the same mental functions. We also examine the influence of age on these mental operations for…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Cognitive Processes, Nouns, Older Adults
Salthouse, Timothy A.; Siedlecki, Karen L. – Brain and Cognition, 2007
Two tasks hypothesized to assess the efficiency of route selection were administered to 328 adults ranging from 18 to 93 years of age. Increased age was associated with slower completion of mazes, even after adjusting for differences in perceptual-motor speed, and with longer and less accurate routes in a task in which participants were asked to…
Descriptors: Efficiency, Cognitive Ability, Adults, Task Analysis
Bugg, Julie M.; Zook, Nancy A.; DeLosh, Edward L.; Davalos, Deana B.; Davis, Hasker P. – Brain and Cognition, 2006
The current study examined the contributions of general slowing and frontal decline to age differences in fluid intelligence. Participants aged 20-89 years completed Block Design, Matrix Reasoning, simple reaction time, choice reaction time, Wisconsin Card Sorting, and Tower of London tasks. Age-related declines in fluid intelligence, speed of…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Age Differences, Intelligence, Task Analysis