A modified method of regrouping the minuend for subtraction is described. This more flexible method decreases the number of steps in the subtraction process and in checking the regrouping. (SD)

The author taught one group using the traditional subtraction algorithm and one using an equal additions algorithm. Students in the latter group showed greater success than the former. (SD)

A concrete approach to subtraction problems with minuends to 19 is presented. (MP)

A six-step method of teaching subtraction by renaming is presented, using money as the learning vehicle. (MP)

A subtraction algorithm for numbers having several digits is described. The algorithm requires that, for digits in the same place, the smaller is always subtracted from the larger. (SD)

A new subtraction algorithm is described and illustrated. Research by the author has shown the method to be easier for low achievers, as well as useful as enrichment for average students. (SD)

Allowing students to examine different ways of performing an operation is suggested as a means of increasing their understanding. (MP)

Types of errors made by children in addition and subtraction are presented and discussed. Suggestions are given for testing, diagnosing, and prescribing for instruction. (MNS)

A collection of games and puzzles that teachers can use to replace or supplement the usual textbook subtraction examples involving large numbers is given. Most of the nine activities are self-checking. (MNS)

Outlines various subtraction methods, such as the decomposition method, equal-addends method, and low-stress algorithm. Describes a subtraction method by addition of complements. Discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the method. (YP)