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Brumfiel, Charles – Arithmetic Teacher, 1971
Before judging a student's diagram correct or incorrect, the mental associations made by the student between his diagram and the problem should be known. This is a follow-up to the author's article in the November 1970, Arithmetic Teacher." (RS)
Descriptors: Association (Psychology), Diagrams, Elementary School Mathematics, Instruction

Jencks, Stanley M.; Peck, Donald M. – Arithmetic Teacher, 1972
Descriptors: Algorithms, Elementary School Mathematics, Fractions, Instruction

Reys, Robert E. – Arithmetic Teacher, 1981
A model that can be effectively used to develop the notion of function and provide varied practice by using "real world" examples and concrete objects is covered. The use of Popsicle-sticks is featured, with some suggestions for tasks involving functions with one operation, two operations, and inverse operations covered. (MP)
Descriptors: Elementary Education, Elementary School Mathematics, Learning Activities, Mathematical Concepts

Richbart, Lynn; Richbart, Carolyn – Arithmetic Teacher, 1992
Discusses ways to simulate a probability problem of interest to middle school students in which students calculate the average number of packets of trading cards purchased to obtain a complete set of cards. Simulations utilize a spinner, a table of random numbers, and a computer. Includes the BASIC program utilized in the simulation. (MDH)
Descriptors: Experiments, Intermediate Grades, Mathematical Applications, Mathematical Models

Farrell, Margaret A. – Arithmetic Teacher, 1969
Descriptors: Elementary School Mathematics, Geometric Concepts, Geometry, Instruction

Sawada, Daiyo – Arithmetic Teacher, 1985
How children can be guided to see and feel the power of thinking with and about mathematical symbols is discussed. A strategy to help them bridge the gap between manipulative models and symbols is detailed. (MNS)
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Elementary Education, Elementary School Mathematics, Manipulative Materials

O'Daffer, Phares G., Ed. – Arithmetic Teacher, 1986
A variety of tips about problem solving are included, with the focus on helping students recall an image. Manipulative materials and models using grids are included in most of the activities. (MNS)
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Elementary Education, Elementary School Mathematics, Imagery

Thompson, Charles S.; Van de Walle, John – Arithmetic Teacher, 1984
Activities are given for solving verbal subtraction problems. Take-away and comparison situations are described, and three levels of activities to model the situations are given: one involving concrete materials and verbal descriptions; the second with these plus written symbols; and the third encouraging mental images. (MNS)
Descriptors: Educational Games, Elementary Education, Elementary School Mathematics, Manipulative Materials

Knifong, J. Dan; Burton, Grace M. – Arithmetic Teacher, 1985
The need to provide understandable problems and ways to help children understand problems are explored. An interview with a sixth grader depicts his incorrect strategies and leads to suggestions for teaching problem solving using a range of mathematical models for each operation. (MNS)
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Computation, Elementary Education, Elementary School Mathematics

Haubner, Mary Ann – Arithmetic Teacher, 1992
Discusses the equation and proportion methods for teaching how to solve percent problems. Supplements the teaching of each method by introducing a representational model that enhances understanding when solving percent problems. (MDH)
Descriptors: Equations (Mathematics), Intermediate Grades, Mathematical Applications, Mathematical Models

Cramer, Kathleen; Bezuk, Nadine – Arithmetic Teacher, 1991
Applies the Lesh Translation Model to develop conceptual understanding by showing relationships between five modes of representation proposed by Lesh to learn multiplication of fractions. Presents five teaching activities based on the translation model. (MDH)
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Concept Formation, Elementary Education, Fractions

DeVault, M. Vere – Arithmetic Teacher, 1981
Four types of experiences in problem solving are identified, and steps children must learn to do problem solving are presented. (MP)
Descriptors: Basic Skills, Elementary School Mathematics, Elementary Secondary Education, Learning Theories

Ott, Jack M.; And Others – Arithmetic Teacher, 1991
Concrete experience should be a first step in the development of new abstract concepts and their symbolization. Presents concrete activities based on Hyde and Nelson's work with egg cartons and Steiner's work with money to develop students' understanding of partitive division when using fractions. (MDH)
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Cognitive Processes, Concept Formation, Division

Esty, Warren W. – Arithmetic Teacher, 1991
Presents a program to introduce fifth graders to everyday economic life by constructing a true-to-life simulation of an economic community. Students apply mathematics skills to managing a checking account, calculating electric bills, and managing shops using computers. (MDH)
Descriptors: Consumer Education, Economics Education, Elementary Education, Enrichment Activities