Rasch's psychometric model is presented as a special case of additive conjoint measurement. Two data sets, each of which was analyzed using Rasch scaling methods as well as some of the methods of conjoint measurement, are compared. (Author/JKS)

Linear equating methods for the common-item non-equivalent populations design were compared when true-score correlation between the test and anchor was less than unity. Scores from two groups of approximately 300 examinees illustrated three methods: (1) the Tucker equating method; (2) the Angoff-Levine method; and (3) the Congeneric-Levine method.…

The Cartesian theory of dimensionality (defined in terms of geometric distances between points in the test space) and Leibnitzian theory (defined in terms of order-generative connected, transitive, and asymmetric relations) are contrasted in terms of the difference between a factor analysis and an order analysis of the same data. (Author/CTM)

Two sets of five items each from the Law School Admission Test were analyzed by two methods of factor analysis, and by the Krus-Bart ordering theoretic method of multidimensional scaling. The results indicated a conceptual gap between latent trait theoretic procedures and order theoretic procedures. (Author/CTM)

A method for computation of dominance relations and for construction of their corresponding hierarchical structures is presented. The link between dominance and variance allows integration of the mathematical theory of information with least squares statistical procedures without recourse to logarithmic transformations of the data. (Author/CTM)

The robustness of the likelihood ratio difference statistic to the violation of a regularity condition when used to assess differences in fit provided by pairs of latent class models was investigated. Recommendations are made regarding the use of the statistic under violation of the regularity condition. (SLD)

The consequences of using item response theory (IRT) item bias detecting procedures with multidimensional IRT item data are examined. Limitations in procedures for detecting item bias are discussed. (SLD)

A least-squares solution for the method of paired comparisons is given. The approach provokes a theorem regarding the amount of data necessary and sufficient for a solution to be obtained. A measure of the internal consistency of the least-squares fit is developed. (Author/CTM)

Using a linear loss function, a procedure is described for computing a cutting score that minimizes the risk for a given decision rule. The procedure is demonstrated with a criterion-referenced achievement test of elementary statistics administered to 167 students. (Author/CTM)

A new method for separating affective and denotative meaning subsystems in semantic differential ratings of any homogeneous concept domain is developed and illustrated using personality ratings data. Possible applications of this method are discussed. (Author/JKS)

This special issues describes multidimensional scaling (MDS), with emphasis on proximity and preference models. An introduction and six papers review statistical developments in MDS study design and scrutinize MDS research in four areas of application (consumer, social, cognitive, and vocational psychology). (SLD)

The restrictions on item difficulties that must be met when binomial models are applied to domain-referenced testing are examined. Both a deterministic and a stochastic conception of item responses are discussed with respect to difficulty and Guttman-type items. (Author/BH)

To demonstrate that some methods used to assess item fit can be applied to assess person fit and vice versa, performance of a chi-squared item-fit statistic was compared with that of a likelihood-based person-fit statistic for examinees and items under Monte Carlo conditions. (SLD)

A basic structure approach is proposed for obtaining multidimensional scale values for attitude, achievement, or personality items from response data. The technique permits the unconfounding of scale values due to response bias and content and partitions item indices of popularity or difficulty among a number of relevant dimensions. (Author/BH)

A generalized Rasch model is presented for measuring attitudes; it is based on the concepts of Thurstone's method of successive intervals. Benefits of the model are illustrated with a study of students' (N=4,035 fifth through ninth graders) interest in physics. (SLD)