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Peer reviewedBird, Stephen A.; Williams, John N. – Applied Psycholinguistics, 2002
Two experiments examined the effect of single-modality (sound or text) and bimodal (sound and text) presentation on word meaning, as measured by both improvements in spoken word recognition efficiency and recognition memory. Both native and nonnative speakers of English were tested. Concludes simultaneous text presentation can aid novel word…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Linguistic Input, Memory, Native Speakers
