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"FMR1" CGG Repeats and Stress Influence Self-Reported Cognitive Functioning in Mothers
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Maltman, Nell; DaWalt, Leeann Smith; Hong, Jinkuk; Baker, Mei Wang; Berry-Kravis, Elizabeth M.; Brilliant, Murray H.; Mailick, Marsha – American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 2023
Variation in the "FMR1" gene may affect aspects of cognition, such as executive function and memory. Environmental factors, such as stress, may also negatively impact cognitive functioning. Participants included 1,053 mothers of children with and without developmental disabilities. Participants completed self-report measures of executive…
Descriptors: Genetics, Cognitive Ability, Executive Function, Memory
The Mediatory Role of Executive Functioning on the Association between Sleep and Both Everyday Memory and ADHD Symptoms in Children and Youth with Down Syndrome
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Soltani, Amanallah; Schworer, Emily K.; Esbensen, Anna J. – American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 2023
People with Down syndrome (DS) commonly experience challenges with sleep, executive functioning, everyday memory, and symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A path analysis was conducted to determine if executive function mediated the relationship between sleep problems and both everyday memory and ADHD symptoms. Parents of…
Descriptors: Down Syndrome, Sleep, Executive Function, Memory
NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery Feasibility in Individuals with Williams Syndrome
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Condy, Emma E.; Becker, Lindsey; Farmer, Cristan; Kaat, Aaron J.; Chlebowski, Colby; Kozel, Beth A.; Thurm, Audrey – American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 2022
The NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB) was developed for epidemiological and longitudinal studies across a wide age span. Such a tool may be useful for intervention trials in conditions characterized by intellectual disability (ID), such as Williams syndrome (WS). Three NIHTB-CB tasks, including two executive functioning (Flanker,…
Descriptors: Cognitive Tests, Intellectual Disability, Students with Disabilities, Intervention
A Novel Framework to Measure Executive Function in Down Syndrome with Applications for Early Clinical Diagnosis of Dementia
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Smith, Elizabeth; Hedge, Craig; Jarrold, Christopher – American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 2019
Executive function (EF) decline is a consistent early sign of Alzheimer's disease (AD) among adults with Down syndrome (DS), which means that baseline measures of EF for individuals with DS are vital to allow detection of meaningful decline. We developed a framework to extract measures of three core components of EF (memory updating, inhibitory,…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Down Syndrome, Identification, Clinical Diagnosis