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"FMR1" CGG Repeats and Stress Influence Self-Reported Cognitive Functioning in Mothers
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Maltman, Nell; DaWalt, Leeann Smith; Hong, Jinkuk; Baker, Mei Wang; Berry-Kravis, Elizabeth M.; Brilliant, Murray H.; Mailick, Marsha – American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 2023
Variation in the "FMR1" gene may affect aspects of cognition, such as executive function and memory. Environmental factors, such as stress, may also negatively impact cognitive functioning. Participants included 1,053 mothers of children with and without developmental disabilities. Participants completed self-report measures of executive…
Descriptors: Genetics, Cognitive Ability, Executive Function, Memory
Implications of Using the BRIEF--Preschool with School-Age Children with Down Syndrome
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Anna J. Esbensen; Emily K. Schworer; Nancy R. Lee; Emily K. Hoffman; Kaila Yamamoto; Deborah Fidler – American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 2024
This study evaluated the appropriateness of scoring the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function--Preschool (BRIEF-P) using age-equivalent scores generated from multiple measures of cognition and language among school-age children with Down syndrome (DS). Subscale T scores for 95 children with DS were contrasted using standard scoring on…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Preschool Tests, Down Syndrome, Behavior
NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery Feasibility in Individuals with Williams Syndrome
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Condy, Emma E.; Becker, Lindsey; Farmer, Cristan; Kaat, Aaron J.; Chlebowski, Colby; Kozel, Beth A.; Thurm, Audrey – American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 2022
The NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB) was developed for epidemiological and longitudinal studies across a wide age span. Such a tool may be useful for intervention trials in conditions characterized by intellectual disability (ID), such as Williams syndrome (WS). Three NIHTB-CB tasks, including two executive functioning (Flanker,…
Descriptors: Cognitive Tests, Intellectual Disability, Students with Disabilities, Intervention
Block Design Performance in Williams Syndrome: Visuospatial Abilities or Task Approach Skills?
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Block, Elisa; Farran, Emily K.; Van Herwegen, Jo – American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 2022
The block design task (BDT) is a visuospatial measure that individuals with Williams syndrome (WS) perform poorly on. However, it is unclear what underlies their impaired performance. This study investigated whether poorer performance is a result of visuospatial difficulties, executive function (EF) difficulties, atypical looking strategies, or a…
Descriptors: Task Analysis, Visual Perception, Spatial Ability, Executive Function
Executive Functions and Prader-Willi Syndrome: Global Deficit Linked with Intellectual Level and Syndrome-Specific Associations
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Chevalère, Johann; Postal, Virginie; Jauregui, Joseba; Copet, Pierre; Laurier, Virginie; Thuilleaux, Denise – American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 2015
The aim of this study was to support the growing evidence suggesting that Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) might present with an impairment of executive functions (EFs) and to investigate whether this impairment is specific to patients with PWS or due to their intellectual disability (ID). Six tasks were administered to assess EFs (inhibition,…
Descriptors: Genetic Disorders, Disabilities, Executive Function, Neurological Impairments
Social Cognition in Adolescent Girls with Fragile X Syndrome
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Turkstra, Lyn S.; Abbeduto, Leonard; Meulenbroek, Peter – American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 2014
This study aimed to characterize social cognition, executive functions (EFs), and everyday social functioning in adolescent girls with fragile X syndrome, and identify relationships among these variables. Participants were 20 girls with FXS and 20 age-matched typically developing peers. Results showed significant between-groups differences in…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Social Cognition, Interpersonal Competence, Females
Cognitive Flexibility among Individuals with Down Syndrome: Assessing the Influence of Verbal and Nonverbal Abilities
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Campbell, Colin; Landry, Oriane; Russo, Natalie; Flores, Heidi; Jacques, Sophie; Burack, Jacob A. – American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 2013
The influences of verbal mental age (VMA) and performance mental age (PMA) on cognitive flexibility were examined among a group of participants with Down syndrome (DS), in order to disentangle the relative contributions of each. The impaired cognitive flexibility typically observed among individuals with DS in combination with uneven VMA and PMA…
Descriptors: Verbal Ability, Preschool Children, Down Syndrome, Nonverbal Ability