This report presents the results of a study, based on 500 responses to a survey mailed to a structured sample of school administrators, on the problems and solutions of developing thinking and reasoning skills in the schools. Provided are analyses of the issue, examples of successful practices, and advice from school administrators and researchers. Eleven chapters describe the following subjects: (1) an overview: the millenarian goal; (2) the surge of interest and effort; (3) the information society; (4) pioneers and practitioners of thinking instruction; (5) background for action; (6) what cognitive scientists know and report about thinking, its processes, and skills; (7) programs; (8) success stories; (9) impact on curriculum; (10) working with the board; and (11) assessing results of thinking instruction. (SI)