The six surveys on photocopying and publishing activity in America that are described in this report were conducted in 1981 to assess the effectiveness of the 1976 Copyright Act in balancing the rights of creators and the needs of users for copyrighted works. An indication of their statistical precision precedes detailed reports on each type of survey used. These reports discuss the methodology and results of: (1) a library survey of purchasing, photocopying, reserve, online searching, and interlibrary lending and borrowing activities in U.S. public, academic, federal, and special libraries; (2) a second, more precise phase of the library survey involving compilation of two logbooks for interlibrary loan transactions and staff-conducted photocopying of library materials in 150 selected U.S. libraries; (3) a survey of U.S. book and serial publishers covering their publications, revenues, receipt of photocopying permission requests, licenses with document delivery services, and sales of reprints and article copies; and (4) two library user surveys conducted in 21 U.S. public, academic, federal, and special libraries to collect data on user photocopying practices and requests for interlibrary loans. More than 90 tables of study findings are provided and four appendices contain sample questionnaires, log forms, cover letters, and survey instructions. (Author/ESR)