Background: "21st century learning" is reliant on not only cognitive competencies such as problem-solving, but also interpersonal (e.g., collaboration) and intrapersonal (e.g., self-regulation) competencies. Building on research in K-12/undergraduate contexts, we investigated cognitive, interpersonal, and intrapersonal learning tactics…

Background: Implementing Inquiry-Based Instruction (IBI) in science is a complex process demanding certain classroom conditions prepared with instructional materials to engage students in tasks, as well as adopting the social context that will shape the inquiry-based learning environment. Within this social context, teachers are the main agents…

A survey was conducted to determine: (1) what percentage of total planning time of the various personnel involved in institutional planning is allocated to the several planning functions; and (2) how planning functions are organized at small four-year public institutions. A questionnaire was mailed to the chief executive officers of 188…