Skills and understanding of operations with negative numbers, which are typically taught in middle school, are crucial aspects of numerical competence necessary for all subsequent mathematics. To more swiftly and coherently develop the field's understanding of how to foster this critical competence, we need shared measures that allow us to compare…

The aim of the study is to examine prospective mathematics teachers' pedagogical content knowledge in terms of knowledge of understanding students and knowledge of instructional strategies which are the subcomponents of pedagogical content knowledge. The participants of this research consist of 98 prospective teachers who are studying in two…

Following instructions provided in the teacher's manual, the SCOPE Mathematics Achievement Test booklet for grade 3 presents 11 mathematical concepts. Testing items include: skip counting by 2's, 5's, and 10's to 100, 3's to 30, and 4's to 40; writing number words to 20; identifying and naming 100's, 10's, and 1's in three-digit numerals; reading…

The SCOPE Mathematics Achievement Test booklet for grade 3-s contains the same testing items as the test booklet for grade 3. This booklet is more suitable for the more mature student; therefore, directions have been written to permit the student to take the test with little or no teacher direction. (ERB)