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Development of an Instrument for Measuring Learner-Teacher Transactional Distance
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Giossos, Yiannis; Koutsouba, Maria; Mavroidis, Ilias – American Journal of Distance Education, 2016
An instrument was developed to assess the perceived learner-teacher transactional distance in the context of the Hellenic Open University and to provide psychometric evidence of reliability and validity of the interpretation of the scores derived from the scale. First, an elicitation study gathered information on students' beliefs and feelings…
Descriptors: Teacher Student Relationship, Social Distance, Measures (Individuals), Psychometrics
Academic Stress as a Health Measure and Its Relationship to Patterns of Emotion in Collectivist and Individualist Cultures: Similarities and Differences
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Kormi-Nouri, Reza; MacDonald, Shane; Farahani, Mohammad-Naghy; Trost, Kari; Shokri, Omid – International Journal of Higher Education, 2015
The present study investigates academic stress in two different cultures, the Iranian as a collectivist culture, and the Swedish as an individualist culture. A total of 616 university students (312 Iranian and 304 Swedish) participated in the study. The results show that Swedish students experience more academic stress than Iranian students.…
Descriptors: Cultural Differences, Collectivism, Individualism, Stress Variables