This study tested two cognitive models, learning styles and dual coding, which make contradictory predictions about how learners process and retain visual and auditory information. Learning styles-based instructional practices are common in educational environments despite a questionable research base, while the use of dual coding is less…

Belief is a central construct in every discipline which deals with human behavior and learning (Horwitz, 1985). Also Vocabulary instruction occurs in classrooms every day at a variety of levels and for a variety of purposes. After all, words are the currency of education. The teacher's beliefs about learning will lead them to different strategies…

This dissertation presents the results of an investigation of visual mental imagery as a strategy hypothesized to increase the amount of interaction with content material and therefore the level of information processing and acquisition, and to assist information retrieval on posttests. Four treatments were used in a crossed, randomized two by two…