Student preference for use of notes during test-taking, and performance outcomes with and without notes, is documented. While alleviating testing anxiety, usage of notes does little to affect testing outcomes, either positively or negatively. This study, undertaken across four semesters, both with and without use of a note sheet, finds no…

Creating a habit of reflective practice promotes ongoing and sustainable instructional improvement for preservice teachers. Furthermore, reflection enables teachers to strengthen their instruction through critical analysis of student learning and engagement. While reflection may be intuitive for an in-service teacher, preservice teachers need this…